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The East Coast of America faces a threat more devastating than the hurricanes which yearly ravage this area, more devastating than the tornadoes that annually ravage the Midwest.

A threat generated thousands of miles away but liable to impact on the 40 million people who inhabit and call the East Coast of America their home.

Over 70% of the earth is ocean, therefore it comes as no surprise that one of the greatest potentials for loss of life comes from an ocean generated threat, a Mega-Tsunami.

What is a Mega-Tsunami?

Basically it is giant waves, many metres high, generated not as a ordinary tsunami but produced by massive landslides or volcanic collapse.

Ordinarily, tsunamis are caused by undersea slides and seismic activity, in fact sea quakes are responsible for 90% of all tsunami generated, as was the case with the magnitude 9+ quake which triggered the December 26, 2004 tsunami.

To generate a seismic tsunami certain factors have to be right for the tsunami to form. The quake causing the tsunami has to be 6.5 on the Richter scale or greater, it has to be shallow - less than 30 kilometres deep beneath the earth's surface and finally in order to form a tsunami, there has to be a vertical displacement (uplift) of the seabed to displace the water above the event.

Water depth also plays a part as it has been found that tsunami generated in shallow water are not as powerful as those generated out at sea.

If all the above criteria are met a tsunami will form, if not there will be no tsunami formation. They are therefore moderately rare events.

The key factor in the formation is that large amounts of energy need to be conveyed into the water above to produce the energy needed to create the wave.

Basic seismic tsunamis are limited in size. When a seismic event occurs on the ocean floor part of the fracture rises up. Even in the biggest of quakes this uplift can only be a maximum of at most 10 metres, in Sumatra the seabed rose 6 metres over a 1,000 km stretch of the sea bottom. Once this uplift happens the water above is displaced by the rise in the seabed, this provides the energy for the production of the wave. However, the crest of the tsunami is proportional to the amount of water that was displaced. So a seaquake lifts a section of the seabed 10 metres the resulting tsunami will have a wave height proportional to this, in this case 10 metres.